Figure 2.

Mechanisms of the growth inhibitory (upper panel) and proapoptotic (lower panel) effects of cannabinoids on melanoma cells demonstrated so far. Where a mouse is shown, the data were confirmed by in vivo experiments. The figure does not include experimental data from publications in which no experiments on the intracellular mechanism of action of cannabinoids on melanoma cells were performed. The arrows indicate the sequential causal relationships of activations, inductions, downregulation and inhibitions triggered by the indicated substances. In the cases where URB597 is listed with an inhibitory arrow directed at FAAH, URB597 resulted in an enhancement of the endocannabinoid effect shown. The dashed arrow indicates that a causal relationship between CB₁ receptor inactivation and the subsequent signalling pathway has not been shown. All abbreviations are given in the text.