Table 2.

Microtubule-targeting agents in clinical development.

Drug	Phase	Treatment Composition	Disease Studied
Vinca-site binders
Eribulin	II/ FDA approved (for metastatic breast cancer and liposarcoma)	Eribulin versus dacarbazine [186] Eribulin versus capecitabine [187] Eribulin + pembrolizumab [188,189]	Advanced liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma [186] Advanced/metastatic breast cancer with prior anthracycline- and taxane-based treatment [187] HR+ HER2- metastatic breast cancer [188] Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer [189]
Glembatumumab vedotin (MMAE ADC)	II	Glembatumumab vedotin monotherapy [194,195,196,197]	Recurrent osteosarcoma [195] Advanced melanoma [196] Advanced glycoprotein NMB-expressing breast cancer [194] Metastatic glycoprotein NMB-expressing triple-negative breast cancer [197]
Brentuximab vedotin (MMAE ADC)	FDA approved	Brentuximab vedotin monotherapy [198,199,201]	Hodgkin’s lymphoma [199,201] Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma [198]
Colchicine-site binders
Fosbretabulin	II	Fosbretabulin + pazopanib [205] Fosbretabulin + bevacizumab [206] Fosbretabulin + paclitaxel/carboplatin [207]	Recurrent ovarian cancer [205,206] Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma [207]
Combretastatin A1 diphosphate	I	CA1P monotherapy [208]	Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia [208]
Plinabulin	III	Plinabulin + docetaxel	Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NCT02812667)
Lisavanbulin	I/II	Lisavanbulin monotherapy [216]	Advanced solid tumors [216]
Taxane-site binders
Cabazitaxel	III	Cabazitaxel versus docetaxel [220,221]	Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer [220,221]
Nab-paclitaxel	II/III	Nab-paclitaxel monotherapy [227] Nab-paclitaxel versus paclitaxel [226] Atezolizumab + nab-paclitaxel [228]	Advanced triple-negative breast cancer [228] Metastatic breast cancer patients with visceral metastases [227] Metastatic breast cancer [226]
Ixabepilone	III	Ixabepilone + capecitabine [238,240]	Metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracycline and taxanes [238,240]