Table 1.

Characteristics for the included studies

Authors (year)	Trait	R	n	F%	Age mean	Data collection	Dv α	Iv α	Dv mean	Iv mean	Time spent	Q
1. Reyes et al. (2019)	A	−0.26	1,026	47.86	23.57	Offline	0.9	0.75	1.84	4.29	blank	0.58
	C	−0.29						0.73		4.74
	E	−0.79						0.71		5.02
	N	0.11						0.7		4.79
	O	−0.74						0.76		5.04
2. Braun et al. (2016)	A	−0.05	2,891	0.16	23.2	online	0.79	0.54	blank	1.76	23.57	0.64
	C	−0.25						0.81		2.20
	E	−0.14						0.63		2.47
	N	0.12						0.45		2.70
	O	−0.06						0.72		2.34
3. Dieris-Hirche et al. (2020)	A	−0.04	820	26.50	25.25	Offline	0.81	blank	3.24	2.60	blank	0.68
	C	−0.30								3.45
	E	−0.12								3.66
	N	0.171								3.14
	O	−0.06								3.32
4. Müller et al. (2014)	A	−0.17	115	0.00	22.9	Offline	0.92	blank	blank	4.40	blank	0.73
	C	−0.51								3.80
	E	−0.36								4.60
	N	0.378								4.40
	O	−0.01								3.40
5. Collins and Freeman (2013)	E	0.005	73	37.50	27.23	online	0.85	0.73	blank	2.90	blank	0.75
6. Collins et al. (2012)	A	−0.22	66	22.70	26.55	online	0.75	0.78	blank	blank	18.17	0.58
	C	−0.12
	E	−0.04
	O	0.125
7. Li et al. (2016)	N	0.05	654	54.40	20.29	Offline	0.95	0.62	2.87	3.85	2.62	0.78
8. Khazaal et al. (2016) 1	N	0.23	3,318	0.00	20	Offline	0.86	blank	blank	1.90	blank	0.77
9. Khazaal et al. (2016) 2	N	0.24	2,665	0.00	20	Offline	0.85	blank	blank	2.10	blank	0.77
10. Andreassen et al. (2013)	A	−0.23	218	78.40	20.7	Offline	0.83	0.85	2.37	8.28	blank	0.55
	C	−0.24						0.77		8.25
	E	−0.17						0.77		7.83
	N	0.22						0.77		8.75
	O	0.15						0.84		8.47
11. Charlton & Danforth (2010)	A	−0.16	338	14.00	29.27	online	0.79	0.84	4.63	6.44	18.7	0.81
	E	−0.15						0.8		7.45
12. Carlisle, (2017)	E	−0.18	1,881	38.90	28.27	online	0.79	0.59	1.28	5.69	blank	0.89
	N	0.18						0.67		5.82
13. López-Fernández (2020)	A	−0.33	364	31.00	14.97	Offline	0.86	0.84	1.48	3.42	5.88	0.78
	C	−0.26						0.84		5.28
	E	0						0.76		4.18
	N	0.28						0.82		6.01
	O	−0.07						0.86		4.84
14. Sejud, (2013) 1	N	0.5	334	66.20	19.22	online	0.92	0.79	1.67	5.27	blank	0.88
15. Sejud, (2013) 2	N	0.22	225	59.20	34.79	online	0.92	0.79	1.67	5.09	blank	0.88
16. Liao et al. (2020)	A	−0.17	6,379	42.90	19.4	online	0.94	0.86	blank	5.35	12.6	0.73
	C	−0.20								6.18
	E	−0.09								6.93
	N	0.273								7.31
	O	−0.05								6.91
17. López-Fernández et al. (2020)	A	−0.29	776	50.60	14.29	Offline	0.88	0.83	blank	blank	blank	0.74
	C	−0.28						0.83
	E	−0.11						0.75
	N	0.076						0.82
	O	−0.09						0.89

Note: r = Pearson correlation; n = sample size; F = female proportion; Dv = dependent variable (online gaming); Iv = independent variable (Big-Five personality traits); Q = quality and risk of bias (raning 0–1). The mean scores are converted on a scale of one to ten, simplifying the interpretation.