Table 2.

Results of analysis of variance in three groups across three time points

	SS	df	MS	F	p	ηp 2
Worry
Group	159.88	2	79.94	5.62	0.004	0.023
residuals (between group)	6,829.99	480	14.23
Time point	122.93	1	122.93	13.69	<0.001	0.028
Group*Timepoint	13.38	2	6.69	0.75	0.475	0.003
residuals (within group)	4,308.90	480	8.98
SABAS
Group	277.50	2	138.75	138.76	<0.001	0.356
residuals (between group)	500.948	501	1.00
Time point	18.25	2	9.125	21.63	<0.001	0.041
Group*Timepoint	69.20	4	17.30	41.00	<0.001	0.141
residuals (within group)	422.81	1,002	0.42
BSMAS
Group	65.28	2	32.64	74.25	<0.001	0.229
residuals (between group)	220.25	501	0.44
Time point	8.00	2	4.00	18.12	<0.001	0.035
Group*Timepoint	13.23	4	3.31	14.97	<0.001	0.056
residuals (within group)	221.36	1,002	0.22
IGDS9-SF
Group	85.14	2	42.57	145.27	<0.001	0.367
residuals (between group)	146.82	501	0.29
Time point	13.30	2	6.67	41.32	<0.001	0.076
Group*Timepoint	23.71	4	5.93	36.75	<0.001	0.128
residuals (within group)	161.63	1,002	0.16

SABAS = Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale; BSMAS = Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale; IGDS9-SF = Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form; Worry = Worry concerning COVID-19 infection.

SS = sum of square; df = degree of freedom; MS = mean square.

Group 1 = Having the lowest level of problematic internet use; Group 2 = Having the middle level of problematic internet use; Group 3 = Having the highest level of problematic internet use.