Table 1.
Sociodemographic Factors, Clinical Characteristics and Assessments of Compulsive Sexual Behavior, Self-rated Impulsivity, and Neurocognitive Impulsivity
| Variable | Group | Statistic | Effect measure: Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |||||
| CSBD (n = 20) | PeD (n = 55) | HC (n = 57) | ||||||
| Median (range) | Mean (SD) | Median (range) | Mean (SD) | Median (range) | Mean (SD) | |||
| Age, y | 35.5 (27−60) | 39 (10) | 36 (18−66) | 36 (12) | 35 (18−64) | 36 (12) | H (2) = 0.99 P = 0.61 | N/A |
| Sociodemographic | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Highest level of education | ||||||||
| Compulsory school (≤9 years) or upper secondary school (12 years) | 12 | 60 | 32 | 58 | 25 44 | 44 | χ2 = 2.9 (2, n = 132) P = 0.24 | PeD vs. CSBD: OR = 1.1 (0.4; 3.1) |
| PeD vs. HC: OR = 0.6 (0.3; 1.2) | ||||||||
| CSBD vs. HC: OR = 0.5 (0.2; 1.5) | ||||||||
| University | 8 | 40 | 23 | 42 | 32 | 56 | ||
| Employed | 18 | 90 | 32 | 58 | 50 | 88 | χ2 = 15.9 (2, n = 132) P < 0.001 PeD < CSBD = HC | PeD vs. CSBD: OR = 0.2 (0.03; 0.7) |
| PeD vs. HC: OR = 0.2 (0.08; 0.5) | ||||||||
| CSBD vs. HC: OR 1.3 (0.2; 6.6) | ||||||||
| Cohabitation | 18 | 90 | 21 | 38 | 36 | 63 | χ2 = 17.7 (2, n = 132) P < 0.001 PeD < HC < CSBD | PeD vs. CSBD: OR = 0.07 (0.01; 0.3) |
| CSBD vs. HC: OR = 5.3 (1.1; 24.9) | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: OR = 0.4 (0.2; 0.8) | ||||||||
| Parent | 11 | 55 | 20 | 36 | 26 | 46 | χ2 = 2.3 (2, n = 132) P = 0.31 | PeD vs. CSBD: OR = 0.5 (0.2; 1.3) |
| CSBD vs. HC: OR = 1.5 (0.5; 4.1) | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: OR = 0.7 (0.3; 1.5) | ||||||||
| Current affective or anxiety disordera | 5 | 25 | 36 | 66 | 2 | 4 | χ2 = 49.5 (2, n = 132) P < 0.001 HC < CSBD < PeD | PeD vs. CSBD: OR = 5.7 (1.8; 18.0) |
| CSBD vs. HC: OR = 9.2 (1.6; 52.0) | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: OR = 52.1 (11.4; 237.4) | ||||||||
| Neurodevelopmental disorder (specified below) | 5 | 25 | 12 | 22 | 0 | 0 | χ2 = 15.0 (2, n = 132) P = 0.001 HC < CSBD = PeD | CSBD vs PeD: OR = 1.2 (0.4; 4.0) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 0 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 0 | N/A | |
| ADHD | 5 | 25 | 10 | 18 | 0 | 0 | FET, P = 0.53 | CSBD vs PeD: OR = 1.5 (0.4; 5.1) |
| Baseline measures | CSBD | PeD | HC | Statistic | Effect measure: r | |||
| Median (range) | Mean (SD) | Median (range) | Mean (SD) | Median (range) | Mean (SD) | |||
| AUDIT | 4 (0–11) | 4.5 (3.4) | 2 (0–27) | 4.1 (5.8) | 5 (0–15) | 5.0 (3.2) | H (2) = 9.42 P = 0.009 PeD < HC | PeD vs. HC: r = 0.29 |
| CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.16 | ||||||||
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.08 | ||||||||
| DUDIT | 0 (0–4) | 0.3 (0.9) | 0 (0–12) | 1.3 (2.9) | 0 (0–8) | 0.6 (1.5) | H (2) = 1.45 P = 0.5 | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.13 |
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.08 | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.04 | ||||||||
| HBI total | 74.5 (42–89) | 72.8 (13.1) | 56 (19–93) | 56.3 (17.0) | 24 (19–54) | 26.9 (7.9) | H (2) = 81.13, P < 0.001 CSBD > PeD > HC | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.44 |
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.75 | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.73 | ||||||||
| HBI coping | 27.5 (10–35) | 24.7 (8.0) | 20 (7–35) | 19.6 (7.6) | 10 (7–23) | 11.7 (4.3) | H (2) = 45.97, P < 0.001 CSBD > PeD > HC | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.28 |
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.62 | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.52 | ||||||||
| HBI control | 35 (16–40) | 33.5 (5.8) | 27 (8–40) | 27.0 (8.2) | 9 (8–27) | 10.0 (3.8) | H (2) = 86.03, P < 0.001 CSBD > PeD > HC | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.40 |
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.76 | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.78 | ||||||||
| HBI consequences | 15 (9–27) | 14.6 (3.3) | 10 (4–20) | 9.9 (3.6) | 5 (4–11) | 5.2 (1.6) | H (2) = 73. 40, P < 0.001 CSBD > PeD > HC | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.51 |
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.77 | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.64 | ||||||||
| BIS total | 71 (45–89) | 68.4 (13.1) | 64.5 (42–88) | 66.3 (10.7) | 63 (46–84) | 62.3 (8.1) | H (2) = 5.76, P = 0.056 | CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.23 |
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.19 | ||||||||
| CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.08 | ||||||||
| BIS attention | 20 (9–27) | 19.2 (4.5) | 18 (9–29) | 18.5 (4.4) | 15 (10–25) | 15.5 (3.3) | H (2) = 18.65, P < 0.001 CSBD = PeD > HC | CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.38 |
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.36 | ||||||||
| CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.10 | ||||||||
| BIS motor | 23 (17–31) | 23.6 (4.7) | 23 (15–34) | 23.1 (4.2) | 22 (15–33) | 22.9 (3.7) | H (2) = 0.15, P = 0.93 | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.04 |
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.05 | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.006 | ||||||||
| BIS non-planning | 27.5 (17–35) | 25.7 (5.6) | 25 (14–35) | 25.0 (4.7) | 24 (17–31) | 23.8 (3.4) | H (2) = 3.46, P = 0.18 | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.05 |
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.17 | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.15 | ||||||||
| CPT-IIb | ||||||||
| Commission errors, T-score | 50.4 (38.0–68.9) | 50.0 (9.7) | 50.9 (32.9–73.0) | 52.1 (10.1) | 47.5 (34.2–71.3) | 48.3 (8.2) | H (2) = 4.24, P = 0.12 | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.10 |
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.07 | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.20 | ||||||||
| HIT RT, T-score | 54.3 (34.3–66.6) | 52.1 (9.1) | 49.5 (29.7–81.1) | 50.7 (10.3) | 51.2 (38.3–73.2) | 52.0 (8.4) | H (2) = 1.56, P = 0.46 | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.12 |
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.06 | ||||||||
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.09 | ||||||||
| Perseverations, T-score | 45.8 (42.5–109.2) | 49.3 (14.9) | 45.8 (42.5–109.2) | 53.8 (15.2) | 45.8 (42.5–70.0) | 47.1 (5.7) | H (2) = 11.59, P = 0.003 PeD > CSBD = HC | CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.26 |
| PeD vs. HC: r = 0.30 | ||||||||
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.03 | ||||||||
| Perseverations, raw score | 0 (0–3 (IQR = 0) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0 (0–10) (IQR = 0−1) | 0.9 (1.7) | 0 (0–4) (IQR = 0) | 0.3 (0.8) | H (2) = 8.63, P = 0.013 PeD > HC | PeD vs. HC: r = 0.25 |
| CSBD vs. PeD: r = 0.21 | ||||||||
| CSBD vs. HC: r = 0.10 | ||||||||
Notes: Test statistics: H = Kruskal-Wallis test with r as effect measure; χ2 = Chi-square test; FET = Fisher's exact Test; Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals are only calculated in 2 x 2 table when at least one cell ≥1.
Abbreviations and symbols: a = According to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; b = Population norm T-score = 50 (SD = 10). ADHD = Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; CSBD = Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder; HC = Healthy Controls; N/A = Not applicable; PeD = Pedophilic Disorder.
Variables: AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Missing data: PeD = 2); DUDIT = The Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (Missing data: PeD = 2); HBI = Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (Missing data HBI total: PeD = 3; control PeD = 3; coping and consequences PeD = 2); BIS = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (Missing data BIS total: PeD = 5, HC = 1; attentional and non-planning PeD = 4; motor PeD = 5, HC = 1); CPT-II = Conners' Continuous Performance Test (Missing data: CSBD = 1).