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A possible mechanistic model for DAL-cancer relationship. AKt, protein kinase B; DAL, dietary acid load; ERK1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IR, insulin resistance; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinases; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SHBG, sex-hormone binding globulin.
