Table 3.
Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of anthocyanins on prostate cancer patients.
| Population | Number of Populations + Age Range | Study Type | Diet | Source of Anthocyanin | Anthocyanin Daily Dose | Association between Anthocyanin Intake and CRC Risk | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients newly diagnosed with resectable prostate cancer | 56 men/average age: 61.6 ± 1.02 years | Interventional | n.d | Nectar of BRB | 10 g BRB/day (8 men): 10 g BRB in 1 bottle (total: 320 bottle) |
n.a | [93] |
| Nectar of BRB | 20 g BRB/day (8 men): 20 g BRB in 1 bottle (total: 320 bottle) |
||||||
| Confection of BRB | 10 g BRB/day (8 men): 10 g BRB in 5 pieces (total: 1600 pieces) | ||||||
| Confection of BRB | 20 g BRB/day (8 men): 20 g BRB in 10 pieces (total: 3200 pieces) | ||||||
| Patients receiving image guided intensity modulated radiation therapy to their prostate, prostate and regional lymph nodes or prostate bed were included |
41 men/average age: 68 years | Observational | Mostly New Zealand European |
cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpo) capsules | 1 capsule/day at breakfast during radiation therapy treatment, and for 2 weeks post-treatment (9 weeks for prostate bed, 10 weeks for prostate and prostate nodes) |
65% of patients taking cranberry capsules developed cystitis compared to the placebo group (90% patients) | [94] |
| 30% of patients taking cranberry capsules Developed severe cystitis compared to the placebo group (45% patients) None of them developed urinary tract infections | |||||||
| Patients receiving external beam radiation therapy to their prostate bed or prostate only and had not received previous pelvic radiation therapy | 101 men/average age: 68 years (range 51–85) | Observational | Mostly New Zealand European |
cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpo) capsules | 2 capsules at breakfast during radiation therapy treatment, For 2 weeks after |
Three measurements of cystitis severity: modified RTOG, O’Leary interstitial cystitis scale, RICAS. No significant differences were observed between cranberry treated and placebo groups |
[95] |
BRB: black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), R TOG: radiation therapy oncology group grading, RICAS: novel radiation induced cystitis assessment scale, na: not analysed, n.d: not determined.