Table 1.
Distribution of selected sociodemographic and other characteristics, and tobacco use, among women aged 15–49 years who were HIV-positive and HIV-negative—2018 DHS, Zambia.
| Overall (n = 13,059) |
HIV-Positive (n = 1711) |
HIV-Negative (n = 11,348) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
| Total | N/A | 14.3% (13.3–15.5%) |
85.7% (84.5–86.8%) |
| Age group 1 | |||
| 15–24 years | 42.2% (41.3–43.1%) |
16.6% (14.0–19.4%) |
46.5% (45.5–47.5%) |
| 25–34 years | 29.9% (28.9–30.8%) |
36.5% (33.9–39.2%) |
28.8%(27.8–29.8%) |
| 35–49 years | 28.0% (27.1–28.8%) |
47.0% (43.7–50.3%) |
24.8% (23.9–25.7%) |
| Residence 1 | |||
| Urban | 46.5% (43.7–49.3%) |
66.6% (62.1–70.8%) |
43.1% (40.5–45.8%) |
| Rural | 53.5%(50.7–56.3%) | 33.4% (29.2–37.9%) |
56.9% (54.2–59.5%) |
| Highest education level attended or completed 1 | |||
| No education | 7.6% (6.7–8.5%) |
5.7% (4.5–7.4%) |
7.9% (7.0–8.9%) |
| Primary | 44.6% (42.7–46.5%) |
42.9% (39.7–46.2%) |
44.9% (43.0–46.8%) |
| Secondary or higher | 47.8% (45.8–49.9%) |
51.3%(47.9–54.8%) | 47.3% (45.2–49.4%) |
| Employment status 1 | |||
| Currently employed | 44.9% (43.4–46.4%) |
56.8% (53.3–60.3%) |
42.9% (41.3–44.4%) |
| Not currently employed | 55.1% (53.6–56.6%) |
43.2% (39.7–46.7%) |
57.1% (55.6–58.7%) |
| Wealth index 1 | |||
| Lowest | 17.8% (16.4–19.3%) |
8.4% (6.9–10.3%) |
19.3% (17.9–20.9%) |
| Lower | 17.6% (16.2–19.1%) |
11.6% (9.7–16.7%) |
18.6% (17.2–20.1%) |
| Middle | 18.3% (16.8–19.9%) |
17.2% (14.3–20.6%) |
18.4% (16.9–20.1%) |
| Higher | 22.4% (19.7–25.3%) |
33.8% (27.2–41.0%) |
20.5% (18.2–22.9%) |
| Highest | 24.0% (21.8–27.1%) |
29.1% (24.1–34.6%) |
23.2% (20.5–26.0%) |
| Recent sexual activity | |||
| Sexually active in last 4 weeks | 53.0% (51.6–54.4%) |
55.4% (51.4–59.3%) |
52.6% (51.2–54.0%) |
| Not sexually active in last 4 weeks | 47.0% (45.6–48.4%) |
44.6% (40.7–48.6%) |
47.4% (46.0–48.8%) |
| Problems accessing health care 1 | |||
| Yes | 51.2% (49.4–53.0%) |
46.1% (43.0–49.2%) |
52.1% (50.1–54.0%) |
| No | 48.8% (47.0–50.6%) |
53.9% (50.8–57.0%) |
47.9% (46.0–49.9%) |
| Pregnancy status 1 | |||
| Currently pregnant | 8.2% (7.7–8.8%) |
6.0% (4.8–7.5%) |
8.6% (7.9–9.4%) |
| Not currently pregnant or not sure | 91.8% (91.2–92.3%) |
94.0% (92.5–95.2%) |
91.4% (90.6–92.1%) |
| Currently use any tobacco 1 | |||
| Yes | 2.7% (2.4–3.1%) |
4.4% (3.5–5.6%) |
2.4% (2.1–2.8%) |
| No | 97.3% (96.9–97.7%) |
95.6% (94.4–96.5%) |
97.6% (97.2–97.9%) |
Abbreviations: CI—confidence interval; DHS—Demographic and Health Survey. 1 Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in distribution of women living with HIV and women living without HIV, based on Chi-square test.