Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the workflow from the production of brain and retinal organoids to their possible conservation/biobanking and potential applications. (1) Healthy or patient-derived stem cells differentiate and produce brain and retinal 3D organoids. (2) Biobanking, whereby samples obtained from patients can be used to store patient-generated organoids as a resource for future research. (3) Disease modeling, to understand the mechanisms of human diseases such as neuronal disorders and retinal degeneration through various laboratory techniques. (4) Drug screening and personalized medicine, in which patient-derived organoids can be used to predict drugs response and as resources for regenerative medicine coupled with genetic engineering.