Table 3.
TSLP and pathogenic effects in asthmatic airways.
| Cell Type | Functional Effect of TSLP on Cellular Function | |
|---|---|---|
| Innate Immunity | Monocytes/macrophages | ↑ TARC/CCL17, PARC/CCL18, MDC/CCL22, MIP3β/CL19 [168] |
| ↑ CD80 [165] | ||
| ↑ M2 macrophages [169] | ||
| Myeloid DC | ↑ MHC class II, CD40, CD86, CD54, CD80, CD83 [170] | |
| ↑ OX40L [170,171] | ||
| ↑ IL-8, eotaxin-2, TARC/CC17, MDC/CCL22, I-309/CCL1 [156,172,173] | ||
| ↑ Expansion of CRTH2+ CD4+ Th2 memory cells [166,174] | ||
| ↑ Differentiation of Tregs [174,175] | ||
| Signals through Jagged-1, JAK1, JAK2, Akt, ERK, JNK, NF-kB (p50, RelB), STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, STAT6 [172,176,177,178,179,180,181,182] | ||
| Mast cells | ↑ IL-5, IL-13, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, GM-CSF [153,183] | |
| ↑ CXCL8, CCL1 [153,184] | ||
| ↑ TGF- β [153] | ||
| Basophils | ↑ CD69, CD62L, CD11b, CD123, IL-33R, IL-18R surface expression [167] | |
| ↑ IL-4, IL-13 [45] | ||
| ↑ CD203c, IL17RB expression [45] | ||
| Eosinophils | ↑ Survival, adhesion [185] | |
| ↑ CD18, ICAM-1, CXCL8, CXCL1, CCL2, IL-6 [185] | ||
| ↓ L-selectin [185] | ||
| Signals through ERK, p38, NF-kB [185] | ||
| ILC2s | ↑ IL-25R, IL-33R expression [186,187] | |
| Natural killer T cells | ↑ IL-4, IL-13 [188] | |
| CD34+ progenitor cells | ↑ Eosinophilopoiesis and basophilopoiesis [189,190] | |
| ↑ IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, CCL22, CCl17, CXCL8, CCL1 [189,190] | ||
| ↑ IL-5Rα expression [189,190] | ||
| Adaptive Immunity | B cells | ↑ Proliferation [191,192] |
| ↑ Development [191,192] | ||
| Signals through STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, JAK1, JAK2 [193] | ||
| Th2 cells | ↑ Proliferation [156] | |
| ↑ Differentiation [156] | ||
| ↑ IL-5, IL-4, IL-13 [156,171] | ||
| CD4+ T cells | ↑ Proliferation [156] | |
| ↑ Differentiation [156,191] | ||
| Signals through STAT1, STAT5, JAK1, JAK2 [177,178,179,194,195] | ||
| CD8+ T cells | ↑ Proliferation [196] | |
| Signals through STAT5, Bcl-2 [196] | ||
| T regulatory cells | ↓ Development [176] | |
| ↑ Differentiation [166,174,175,176] | ||
| ↓ IL-10 [197] | ||
| Structural Cells | Epithelial/endothelial cells | ↑ Airway obstruction mechanisms [198,199] |
| Signals through TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, IP-10/CXCL10 [198,199] | ||
| Airway smooth muscle | ↑ IL-6, CXCL8, CCL11 [200] | |
| ↑ Migration, actin polymerization, cell polarization [200] | ||
| Signals through STAT3, MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38 and JNK) [200] |