Table 2.
Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom.
| Constitute | Content | DRIs * (g/day) | Value in 100 g Mushroom/DRIs × 100 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | g/100 g Mushroom (Wet-Weight Basis) | g/100 g Mushroom (Dry-Weight Basis) | |||
| Moisture % | 47 | ||||
| Total solids (TS) % | 53 | ||||
| pH value | 5.6 | ||||
| Energy (kcal) | 238.98 ** | Men: 2215 *** | 10.79 | ||
| Women: 2025 | 11.80 | ||||
| Water-soluble proteins % | 19.5 | 36.80 | Men (total proteins) ****: 56 | 34.82 | |
| Women (total proteins): 46 | 42.39 | ||||
| Total lipids % | 3.00 | 5.66 | 44–77 ***** | 3.90–6.82 | |
| Total ash % | 6.3 | ||||
| Reducing sugars % | 4.39 | 8.28 | |||
| Nonreducing sugars % | 1.02 | 1.92 | |||
| Total sugars % | 5.41 | 10.21 | 130 | 4.16 | |
| Crude fibers % | 3.5 | Men: 38 | 9.21 | ||
| Women: 25 | 14.00 | ||||
| Polyphenols “as gallic acid” | 0.04 | 0.08 | 1 ****** | 7.5 | |
| Mineral | Mineral content (mg/100 g mushroom) | DRIs (mg/day) | Value in 100 g mushroom/DRIs × 100 | ||
| Major minerals | |||||
| Potassium | 432 | 4700 | 9.19 | ||
| Phosphorus | 225 | 700 | 32.14 | ||
| Sulfur | 129 | 200–1500 | 8.60–64.50 | ||
| Magnesium | 7.95 | Men: 400 | 2.00 | ||
| Women: 310 | 2.60 | ||||
| Sodium | 2.82 | 1500 | 0.20 | ||
| Calcium | 1.88 | 1000 | 0.20 | ||
| Trace minerals | |||||
| Copper | 26 | 0.9 | 2889 | ||
| Manganese | 22 | Men: 2.3 | 956.52 | ||
| Women: 1.8 | 1222.22 | ||||
| Iron | 2.22 | Men: 8 | 27.75 | ||
| Women: 18 | 12.33 | ||||
| Zinc | 0.7 | Men: 11 | 6.40 | ||
| Women: 8 | 8.75 | ||||
| Vitamin | Vitamin content (mg/100 g mushroom) | DRIs (mg/day) | Value in 100 g mushroom/DRIs × 100 | ||
| Thiamine (B1) | 3.49 | Men: 1.2 | 290.83 | ||
| Women: 1.1 | 317.27 | ||||
| Riboflavin (B2) | 17.10 | Men: 1.3 | 1315.38 | ||
| Women: 1.1 | 1554.54 | ||||
| Niacin (B3) | 61.9 | Men: 16 | 386.87 | ||
| Women: 14 | 442.14 | ||||
| Pyridoxine (B6) | 0.71 | Men: 1.4 | 50.71 | ||
| Women: 1.2 | 59.16 | ||||
| Ascorbic acid | 32.2 | Men: 90 | 35.77 | ||
| Women: 75 | 42.93 | ||||
* DRIs: dietary recommended intakes for adults [60,61]; ** the total energy of 100 g of mushroom samples was calculated according to the equations of Manzi et al. [62]; *** based on 1.3 kcal/kg body weight/hour for the reference body weight; **** based on 0.8 g/kg body weight/day for the reference body weight; ***** Casselbury [63]; ****** Duthie et al. [64]. Sources: Roy et al. [59], Rahman et al. [65], and http://www.medicinabiomolecular.com.br/biblioteca/pdfs/Biomolecular/mb-0223.pdf. (accessed on 16 February 2022). Adapted from Rahman et al. [65]. Licensed under CC-BY.