Table 3.

The major bioactive compounds of G. lucidum and their biological effects.

Bioactive Compounds	Biological Effects	References
Triterpenoids
Ganoderic acids, lucidumol, lucialdehyde, lucidenic acids, ganodermic, ganolucidic acids, ganoderals, ganoderiols	Anticancer	Wachtel-Galor et al. [6], El Mansy [75]
Triterpenoids	Antidiabetic	Ahmad [68], Ma et al. [78]
Ganoderic acids T-Q and lucideinic acids A, D2, E2, and P	Anti-inflammatory	El Mansy [75]
Triterpenes	Antioxidant	El Mansy [75]
Ganoderic acids, ganodermin, ganoderic acid A, ganodermadiol, ganodermanondiol, lucidumol B, ganodermanontriol, ganoderic acid B, ganolucidic acid B	Antimicrobial	Cör et al. [70], Sudheer et al. [73]
Triterpenoids, ganoderic acid, ganoderiol F, ganodermanontriol	Antiviral	Bishop et al. [13], Zhang et al. [79], Zhu et al. [80]
Polysaccharides
1→3, 1→4, and 1→6-linked β and α-D (or L)-glucans, GLP-2B	Anticancer	Wachtel-Galor et al. [6], Ferreira et al. [81]
Polysaccharides	Antidiabetic	Ahmad [68], Ma et al. [78]
Polysaccharides	Antioxidant	El Mansy [75]
Polysaccharides	Antimicrobial	Cör et al. [70]
Polysaccharides (ganopoly)	Cardiovascular problems	Chan et al. [82]
Proteins, Glycoproteins, and Peptidoglycans
Glycopeptides and peptidoglycans	Anticancer	Wachtel-Galor et al. [6], Sudheer et al. [73], Ferreira et al. [81],
Protein Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8), lectin, ribosome-inactivating proteins, antimicrobial proteins, glycopeptides/glycoproteins, peptidoglycans/proteoglycans, ganodermin A, ribonucleases, proteinases, metalloproteases, laccases	Immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antitumor	Wachtel-Galor et al. [6], El Mansy [75]
Proteoglycans, proteins (LZ-8)	Antidiabetic	Ahmad [68], Ma et al. [78]
Polysaccharide–peptide complex	Antioxidant	Mehta [83]
Phenolic compounds
Phenolic components, phenolic extracts	Antioxidant	Mehta [83]
Saponins	Anticancer and antioxidant	Lee et al. [84]
Sterols; e.g., ergosterol	Provitamin D2	Wachtel-Galor et al. [6]
Long-chain fatty acids	Antitumor	Gao et al. [85]