Table 4.

Antimicrobial activities of Ganoderma lucidum parts, products, and compounds.

Parts/Products/Compounds	Tested Microorganism	References
Antibacterial activity
Fruiting bodies	Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 26003	Liu et al. [131], Shang et al. [132]
Mycelia extract	Bacillus cereus (clinical isolate), Micrococcus flavus ATCC 10240, S. aureus ATCC 6538, Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 7973, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Enterobacter cloacae (human isolate), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311	Ćilerdžić et al. [133]
Fruiting bodies	S. aureus (MTCC 96), B. cereus (MTCC 430), P. aeruginosa (MTCC 424)	Karwa and Rai [134]
Fruiting bodies	S. aureus (ATCC 6538), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633)	Ćilerdžić et al. [135]
Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-yl acetate, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-yl acetate, ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol, ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol, ganodermadiol	S. aureus (ATCC 6538), B. subtilis (ATCC 6633)	Ćilerdžić et al. [135]
Carpophores	Bacillus anthracis ATCC 6603, B. cereus ATCC 27348, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coil ATCC 259 22, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 10031, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 27853, S. typhi ATCC 6229	Yoon et al. [136]
Basidiocarps	B. cereus (clinical isolate), M. flavus ATCC 10240, S. aureus ATCC 6538, L. monocytogenes NCTC 7973, E. coli ATCC 35218, E. cloacae (human isolate), P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, S. typhimurium ATCC 13311	Vazirian et al. [137]
12b-acetoxy-3β,7 β -dihydroxy- 11,15,23-trioxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid butyl ester	S. aureus (ATCC 6538), B. subtilis (ATCC 6633)	Yang et al. [138]
Mycelia (Protein extract)	Staphylococcus epidermidis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa	Sa-Ard et al. [139]
Fruiting bodies (Protein extract)	S. epidermidis, S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa	Sa-Ard et al. [139]
NG *	S. aureus (ATCC 6538), B. cereus (clinical isolate), L. monocytogenes (NCTC 7973), M. flavus (ATCC 10240), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), E. coli (ATCC 35210), S. typhimurium (ATCC 13311), E. cloacae (human isolate)	Heleno et al. [140]
Antifungal activity
Fruiting bodies	Acremonium strictum BEOFB10m, Aspergillus glaucus BEOFB21m, Aspergillus flavus BEOFB22m, Aspergillus fumigatus BEOFB23m, Aspergillus nidulans BEOFB24m, Aspergillus niger BEOFB25m, Aspergillus terreus BEOFB26m, Trichoderma viride BEOFB61m	Vazirian et al. [137]
Fruiting bodies	A. fumigatus (human isolate), Aspergillus versicolor (ATCC 11730), Aspergillus ochraceus (ATCC 12066), A. niger (ATCC 6275), T. viride (IAMz5061), Penicillium funiculosum (ATCC 36839), Penicillium ochrochloron (ATCC 9112), Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium (food isolate)	Heleno et al. [140]
Rare Earth-Carboxymethylated Ganoderma applanatum Polysaccharide	Valsa mali, Fusarium oxysporum, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria brassicae	Sun et al. [141]
Ganodermin	Botrytis cinerea, F. oxysporum, Physalo sporapiricola	Wang and Ng [113]
Mycelia	Acremonium strictum, A. glaucus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. terreus, T. viride	Ćilerdžić et al. [133]
Antiviral activity
Ganoderiol F & Ganodermanontriol	HIV 1(HIV-1 protease)	El-Mekkawy et al. [142]
Carpophores	Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), influenza A virus (Flu A), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana and New Jersey strains	El-Mekkawy et al. [142]
Acidic protein-bound polysaccharide	HSV-1 and HSV-2	Eo et al. [143]
Fruiting bodies	Oral human papillomavirus (HPV)	Donatini [144]
NG	Newcastle disease virus (anti-neuraminidase)	Zhu et al. [80], Shamaki et al. [145]
Fruiting bodies	Epstein-Barr Virus	Iwatsuki et al. [146]
Mycelia	Hepatitis B virus	Li et al. [147]
Mycelia (Ganoderic acid)	Hepatitis B	Li and Wang [148]
Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3-one,15;26-dihydroxy (GLTA), Ganoderic acid Y	Enterovirus 71	Zhang et al. [79]

* NG: data not given.