Table 1.
Household demographics and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices.
| Study Variable | Central Busiya (Total) | Nhobola | Negezi | Ngunga | Ubata |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total households, n | 779 | 261 | 164 | 156 | 198 |
| Total individuals, n | 4702 | 1747 | 1077 | 1033 | 845 |
| Individuals per household, median (IQR) | 6 (4–7) | 6 (5–8) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (5–8) | 4 (3–5) |
| Employed as subsistence farmer, n (%) | 729/761 (95.8%) | 242/260 (93.1%) | 157/162 (96.9%) | 148/149 (99.3%) | 182/190 (95.8%) |
| Highest level of education in the household | |||||
| None | 77/723 (10.7%) | 10/240 (4.2%) | 6/148 (4.1%) | 21/147 (14.3%) | 40/188 (21.3%) |
| Primary | 595/723 (82.3%) | 219/240 (91.3%) | 125/148 (84.5%) | 122/147 (83.0%) | 129/188 (68.6%) |
| Secondary | 41/723 (5.7%) | 4/240 (1.7%) | 16/148 (10.8%) | 3/147 (2.0%) | 18/188 (9.6%) |
| Vocational/College | 10/723 (1.4%) | 7/240 (2.9%) | 1/148 (0.7%) | 1/147 (0.7%) | 1/188 (0.5%) |
| Child demographics | |||||
| Total children, n (%) | 1338/4702 (28.5%) | 453/1747 (25.9%) | 274/1077 (25.4%) | 269/1033 (26.0%) | 342/845 (40.5%) |
| Children per household, median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 1.5 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) |
| Child age, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–4) | 4 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) |
| Number of females, n (%) | 678/1334 (50.8%) | 234/450 (52.0%) | 144/274 (52.6%) | 132/269 (49.1%) | 168/341 (49.3%) |
| WASH compliance at household level | |||||
| Clean/improved source of drinking water, n (%) | 270/779 (34.7%) | 54/261 (20.7%) | 45/164 (27.4%) | 111/156 (71.2%) | 60/198 (30.3%) |
| Clean/improved source of non-drinking water, n (%) | 235/779 (30.2%) | 99/261 (37.9%) | 45/164 (27.4%) | 52/156 (33.3%) | 39/198 (19.7%) |
| Dedicated transportation vessel for drinking water, n (%) | 648/771 (84.0%) | 240/259 (92.7%) | 118/162 (72.8%) | 121/153 (79.1%) | 169/197 (85.8%) |
| Dedicated transportation vessel for non-drinking water, n (%) | 590/776 (76.0%) | 193/261 (73.9%) | 111/161 (68.9%) | 121/156 (77.6%) | 165/198 (83.3%) |
| Water procurement time <2 h, n (%) | 396/775 (51.1%) | 203/257 (79.0%) | 85/164 (51.8%) | 57/156 (36.5%) | 51/198 (25.8%) |
| Times visiting water source per week, median (IQR) * | 4 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | 7 (1–7) | 7 (6.5–21) | 3 (2–5) |
| Amount of water returned per trip in liters, median (IQR) † | 100 (40–140) | 120 (100–200) | 40 (40–40) | 100 (60–130) | 120 (60–160) |
| Storage of water in a different location than transport, n (%) | 574/753 (76.2%) | 244/247 (98.8%) | 97/158 (61.4%) | 143/154 (92.9%) | 90/194 (46.4%) |
| Separation of drinking water, n (%) | 668/761 (87.8%) | 240/258 (93.0%) | 138/158 (87.3%) | 153/155 (98.7%) | 137/194 (70.6%) |
| Point-of-use drinking water treatment at home, n (%) | 334/779 (42.9%) | 88/261 (33.7%) | 82/164 (50.0%) | 114/156 (73.1%) | 50/198 (25.3%) |
| Handwashing with soap after urination or defecation, n (%) | 448/772 (58.0%) | 138/258 (53.5%) | 124/162 (76.5%) | 109/155 (70.3%) | 77/197 (39.1%) |
| Handwashing with soap before eating or cooking, n (%) | 285/763 (37.4%) | 69/250 (27.6%) | 88/162 (54.3%) | 55/154 (35.7%) | 73/197 (37.1%) |
| Adequate sewage management at home, n (%) | 348/779 (44.7%) | 250/261 (95.8%) | 63/164 (38.4%) | 29/156 (18.6%) | 6/198 (3.0%) |
| Adequate disposal of child waste, n (%) | 627/779 (80.5%) | 224/261 (85.8%) | 114/164 (69.5%) | 111/156 (71.2%) | 178/198 (89.9%) |
* Number missing = 136. † Number missing = 44. IQR = interquartile range (Q1–Q3).