Figure 2.

HDAC inhibition interferes with different aspects of immune surveillance by regulating antigen presentation and effective priming of CD8 T-cells, as well as modulating their cytotoxic capacity. It also sensitizes tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors, by upregulating PD-L1/PD-L2 levels on melanoma cells and alleviates the immunosuppressive functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (M2 macrophages).