BHB is atheroprotective in ApoE−/− mice fed a Western diet. (A) ApoE−/− mice were fed a Western diet for 16 weeks and administered the vehicle or BHB (1 mm/kg daily, i.p.) in the final 4 weeks of the diet. (B) Body weight of the mice. (C) Representative images of the cross-sections of the aortic root stained with Oil Red O. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) Representative images of the whole aorta stained by Oil Red O. Scale bar, 1 mm. (E) Quantification of the cross-sections of the lesion area in the aortic root and whole aorta (n = 6). (F) Total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in the serum from the mice (n = 9). (G) BHB level in the serum from the mice (n = 9). Data are represented as means ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. ND mice; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. WD mice, ns is no differences.