Table 2.
Odds (risk ratio) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of high and moderate compared low physical activity levels based on self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) responses by quintiles of walkability (Q1 is the lowest 20% of walkability across participants’ addresses and is used as reference category; Q5 represents the highest 20% of walkability) (n = 57,726). Walkability, green walkability, ground-cover walkability and tree-cover walkability were assessed as the independent (exposure) variable in separate models (n = 57,726 for all models). Odds and 95% confidence intervals of achieving UK physical activity guidelines (150 MET minutes per week) based on MVPA only, and MVPA and walking, by quintiles of walkability, green walkability, ground-cover walkability and tree-cover walkability are also shown. All models are adjusted for: age, sex, average household income before tax, and area-level deprivation. Bold font indicates p ≤ 0.05.
| Self-Reported Weekly Physical Activity | Walkability | Green Walkability | Ground-Cover Walkability | Tree-Cover Walkability | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
| IPAQ activity group: Moderate 1 |
1.13
(1.03, 1.23) |
1.21
(1.11, 1.33) |
1.28
(1.17, 1.41) |
1.51
(1.36, 1.67) |
1.1
(1.02, 1.22) |
1.13
(1.03, 1.23) |
1.18
(1.08, 1.29) |
1.39
(1.26, 1.53) |
1.07 (0.98, 1.17) |
1.15
(1.05, 1.26) |
1.11
(1.01, 1.21) |
1.34
(1.21, 1.47) |
1.03 (0.94, 1.12) |
1.13
(1.04, 1.24) |
1.24
(1.13, 1.35) |
1.41
(1.28, 1.56) |
| IPAQ activity group: High 1 |
1.15
(1.05, 1.25) |
1.21
(1.10, 1.32) |
1.23
(1.12, 1.36) |
1.45
(1.31, 1.61) |
1.10 (1.00, 1.20) |
1.15
(1.05, 1.25) |
1.21
(1.11, 1.33) |
1.33
(1.20, 1.46) |
1.06 (0.97, 1.16) |
1.11
(1.01, 1.21) |
1.12
(1.02, 1.23) |
1.26
(1.14, 1.39) |
1.02 (0.93, 1.11) |
1.17
(1.07, 1.28) |
1.20
(1.10, 1.31) |
1.36
(1.24, 1.51) |
| Achieved national recommendations via MVPA and walking 2 |
1.13
(1.04, 1.23) |
1.22
(1.12, 1.32) |
1.31
(1.20, 1.43) |
1.48
(1.35, 1.63) |
1.08 (0.99, 1.17) |
1.11
(1.03, 1.21) |
1.22
(1.12, 1.33) |
1.36
(1.24, 1.49) |
1.04 (0.96, 1.13) |
1.11
(1.02, 1.20) |
1.15
(1.05, 1.25) |
1.29
(1.18, 1.41) |
1.05 0.97, 1.14) |
1.16
(1.07, 1.25) |
1.26
(1.16, 1.37) |
1.42
(1.30, 1.56) |
| Achieved national recommendations via MVPA 2 | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) |
1.04 (0.98, 1.11) |
1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
1.09
(1.02, 1.17) |
1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
1.04 (0.98, 1.11) |
1.05 (0.98, 1.12) |
1.09
(1.02, 1.16) |
1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
1.03 (0.96, 1.09) |
1.07 (1.00, 1.14) |
0.97 (0.92, 1.04) |
1.05 (0.99, 1.12) |
1.01 (0.95, 1.08) |
1.07 (1.00, 1.14) |
1 Reference category low physical activity group derived from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). 2 Reference category did not achieve UK physical activity recommendations (>150 MET minutes per week) derived from IPAQ responses.