Examples of crystal structures of homotypic (a,d) and heterotypic (b,c) tri-ubiquitin chains available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). (a) K27-linked tri-ubiquitin (PDB DOI: 10.2210/Pdb5jby/pdb; deposited: 14 April 2016; released: 20 July 2016; deposition authors: Pan, M., Gao, S., Zheng, Y.); (b) branched K11/K48-linked tri-ubiquitin (PDB DOI: 10.2210/PDB6OQ1/PDB; deposited: 25 April 2019; released: 23 October 2019; deposition authors: Boughton, A.J., Fushman, D.); (c) unbranched mixed tri-ubiquitin chain containing K48 and K63 linkages (PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb5o44/pdb; deposited: 26 May 2017; released: 8 November 2017; deposition authors: Padala, P., Isupov, M.N., Wiener, R.); (d) K6-linked tri-ubiquitin (PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb3zlz/pdb; deposited: 4 February 2013; released: 10 April 2013; deposition authors: Hospenthal, M.K., Freund, S.M.V., Komander, D.).