Table 1.

Components of the Bowen model [27].

Component	Assessment focus	Sample outcomes
Demand	Documenting the use of the intervention	Fit within organizational culture and perceived effects and demand
Acceptability	Health providers’ and patients’ reactions to the intervention	Satisfaction, intent to continue use, and perceived appropriateness
Implementation	Extent to which the intervention is implemented as planned	Degree of execution and resources for implementation
Practicality	Extent to which intervention can be implemented in rural Alabama	Cost analysis factors affecting implementation
Adaptation	Modifications needed to accommodate the context	Degree to which outcomes are obtained with the mobile format
Integration	Level of system change for integrating the intervention	Perceived fit with infrastructure and perceived sustainability
Expansion	Potential success of the intervention in a different setting	Fit with the local goals and culture
Limited efficacy testing	Small-scale implementation	Effect size estimation and effects on key intermediate variables