Table 2.
Role of YY1 in the life cycle of different viruses.
| Virus | YY1 Target | Function of YY1 | Important Cellular or Viral Factors/Other Factors | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus (AAV) | P5 promoter | Binding to the P5 promoter and repression of viral transcription in the absence of E1A protein | - | [13] |
| Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) | Long terminal repeat (LTR) | Repression of LTR expression and establishment of viral latency | LSF and histone deacetylase (HDAC) | [121] |
| U3, U3R, and LTR | Transcriptional activator | HIV-1 Tat | [120] | |
| Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) | BZLF1 (Zp) promoter | Repression of the BZLF1 (Zp) promoter and maintenance of EBV latency | - | [95,138] |
| Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) | Major immediate early promoter (MIEP) | Binding to MIEP and repression of its activity during viral latency | Histone deacetylase (HDAC) | [134,135] |
| dek promoter | Prevent myeloid differentiation that is crucial for viral reactivation | Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y) | [135,136] | |
| Varicella zoster virus (VZV) | gI, ORF10, and ORF28/29 promoters | Binding to the YY1 sites and activation of IE62-dependent gene expression | Viral IE62 protein, cellular factors Sp1 and USF | [137] |
| Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) | TLR7, TLR9, CEBPD, CEBPD, IRF1, IL-6, and RHOA genes | Regulation of gene expression | - | [126] |
| Hepatitis B virus (HBV) | DGCR8 promoter | Downregulating the expression of DGCR8 | Histone deacetylase (HDAC) | [129] |
| 19p13.11 enhancer | Regulating the transcriptional activity of HBV minichromosome | HBx | [131] | |
| Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) | HTLV-1 R region | Binding to R sequence and leading to activation of gene expression | - | [119] |
| Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MLV) | Trim28, negative control region (NCR) | Interaction with Trim28 protein, recruitment of Trim28 to NCR and mediation of the silencing of M-MLV | Trim28 protein | [124,139] |