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. 2022 Mar 25;23(7):3569. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073569

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of metformin on the structural and functional MAM Ca2+ coupling in the HFHSD cardiomyocyte. (A) Representative images of proximity ligation assay between IP3R and VDAC in isolated cardiomyocytes. Blue: nuclei by DAPI. Red dot: proximity between IP3R and VDAC. Scale bar: 25 µm. (B) Quantification of the number of interactions between VDAC and IP3R by proximity ligation assay, expressed as a fold of SD; n = 4 mice/group with 10 cardiomyocytes/mouse. (C) Representative traces of the mitochondrial Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]m) expressed as a YFP/CFP ratio, with stimulation by 10 mM histamine. (D) Quantification of the [Ca2+]m amplitude of the histamine-induced peak; n = 4 mice/group with 46 SD, 42 HFHSD, and 29 HFHSD + MET cardiomyocytes. Median, Kruskal–Wallis test. **** p < 0.0001. ns = non-significant. Symbols: circle: SD, square: HFHSD, triangle: HFHSD + MET.