Determination of the metformin effect on cardiac function after 16 weeks of HFHSD by echocardiography. (A) Quantification of the posterior wall thickness in diastole (PWd). (B) Calculation of the relative wall thickness (RWT = 2 × PWd/LVEDD) as an index of concentric hypertrophy (RWT > 0.42). Quantification of the anterior wall strain rate, AW SR, in (C) and of the fractional shortening, FS, in (D); n = 8 to 10 mice/group. Mean, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001. ns = non-significant. Symbols: circle: SD, square: HFHSD, triangle: HFHSD + MET.