Table 1.

Most promising nuclear cardiology examination methods for assessment of immunotherapy-related cardiotoxicity.

Imaging Modality	Parameters	Advantages	Disadvantages	Publications
FDG PET	Glucose metabolism	−simultaneous oncologic staging/cardiac assessment −early detection of cardiac damage −widely available	−can be non-specific −laborious patient preparation	Case reports
FAPI PET	Cardiac remodeling	−simultaneous oncologic staging/cardiac assessment −early detection of cardiac damage −highly specific −simple patient preparation	−limited to large centers	Case reports
DOTATOC/ DOTATATE PET	SSTR *-Expression	−early detection of cardiac damage −simple patient preparation −widely available	−simultaneous oncologic staging/cardiac assessment limited to SSTR *-expressing malignancies	Case reports
MIBG SPECT	Sympathetic innervation	−potential early detection of cardiac damage −simple patient preparation −widely available	−not yet described for immunotherapy patients	-
Myocardial perfusion SPECT	LVEF † wall motion perfusion (stress/rest)	−highly standardized −widely available −simultaneous assessment of CAD ‡ and HF § −value in CAD ‡ evidenced by a very high number of studies −cost-effective	−no early detection	Case reports
ERNA	LVEF † wall motion	−highly standardized −widely available −excellent reproducibility −cost-effective	−no early detection	-

* SSTR: somatostatin receptor. ^† LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. ^‡ CAD: coronary artery disease. ^§ HF: heart failure.