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. 2022 Apr 5;19(7):4371. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074371

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Age-standardized measures of frequency of heavy average drinking among population aged 25–64 by sex and education level, Spain 1997–2017. Legend: Values were directly standardized using the 2013 European Standard Population weights. * Linear trends across education levels were significant both among men (β = −0.02, p = 0.021) and women (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). ^$ Linear trends across education levels were significant both among men (β = 0.06, p < 0.001) and women (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). ^@ Linear trends across education levels were significant both among men (β = −0.14, p < 0.001) and women (β = 0.30, p < 0.001). ^& Linear trends across education levels were significant both among men (β = −0.19, p < 0.001) and women (β = 0.29, p < 0.001).