| ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| AIEOP-BFM ALL | Associazione Italiana di Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica-Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| AKT | serine/threonine kinase |
| AML | acute myeloid leukemia |
| ATF4 | cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor |
| Bad | Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death |
| Bak | Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer |
| Bax | Bcl-2-associated X-protein 4 |
| Bcl-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| Bcl-w | B-cell lymphoma-w |
| Bcl-XL | B-cell lymphoma extra-large |
| Bid | BH3 interacting-domain death agonist |
| BIM | Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death |
| cAMP-PKA | cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase |
| CASP1 | caspaze 1 |
| CBD | cannabidiol |
| CHOP | C/EBP Homologous Protein |
| CI | combination index |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CR | complete response |
| CRLF2 | cytokine receptor-like factor 2 |
| dmPGE2 | 6,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 |
| DN | double negative |
| DR | death receptor |
| EFS | event-free survival |
| EMA | European Medicines Agency |
| ER | extreme risk |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| ESRRB | orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor-b |
| ETP | early T-cell progenitor |
| FBXW7 | F-Box and WD Repeat Domain-Containing 7 |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FKBP51 | FK506-binding protein 51 |
| FOXO3a | forkhead box O3 |
| GR | glucocorticoid receptor |
| GRE | glucocorticoid response element |
| GSK3 | glycogen synthase kinase-3 |
| GTG | glucocorticoid target gene |
| HR | high risk |
| Hrk | activator of apoptosis harakiri |
| HyperCVAD | hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone |
| IC50 | half maximal inhibitory concentration |
| IGR | intronic GR binding region |
| IL-6 | interleukin 6 |
| IL-7 | interleukin-7 |
| IL-7R | IL-7 receptor |
| JAK | Janus kinases |
| LC50 | median lethal concentration |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| Mcl-1 | induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein |
| miRNA | microRNA |
| MLL | mixed lineage leukemia |
| MRD | minimal residual disease |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin kinase |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-κB |
| NOD | nonobese diabetic |
| Notch | neurogenic locus notch homolog protein |
| Noxa | phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 |
| OXPHOS | oxidative phosphorylation |
| PERK | protein kinase R -like endoplasmic reticulum kinase |
| PGR | prednisolone good response |
| Ph-like | Philadelphia chromosome-like |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| PKR | protein kinase R |
| PPR | prednisolone poor response |
| pre-B ALL | precursor-B-cell ALL |
| Puma | p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis |
| Raf | rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma |
| Ras | rat sarcoma virus |
| RER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| RT-PCR | real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| SCID | severe combined immunodeficiency |
| SE | survival estimates |
| shRNA | short hairpin RNA |
| SIRT1 | sirtuin 1 |
| SR | standard risk |
| STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| T-ALL | precursor T-cell ALL |
| T-LL | T-lymphoblastic lymphoma |
| TNF | tumor-necrosis-factor |
| TRB3 | tribbles homolog 3 |
| VDAC | voltage-dependent anion channel 1 |
| VXL | vincristine, dexamethasone and L-asparaginase |
| γc | γ chain |
| Δ9-THC | Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol |