Table 1.
Demographic data, health habits, and mental symptoms of the sample according to insomnia symptoms.
| Total (n = 582) | No Insomnia Symptoms (n = 350) | Insomnia Symptoms (n = 232) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (n, %) | 0.640 | |||
| Male | 225 (38.6%) | 138 (39.4%) | 87 (37.5%) | |
| Female | 357 (63.3%) | 212 (60.6%) | 145 (62.5%) | |
| Relationship status (n, %) | 0.779 | |||
| Single | 550 (94.5%) | 330 (94.3%) | 220 (94.8%) | |
| Committed relationship † | 32 (5.5%) | 20 (5.7%) | 12 (5.2%) | |
| Living situation (n, %) | 0.606 | |||
| Parent/guardian | 203 (34.9%) | 129 (36.9%) | 74 (31.9%) | |
| Roommates | 299 (51.4%) | 174 (49.7%) | 125 (53.9%) | |
| Alone | 31 (5.3%) | 17 (4.9%) | 14 (6.0%) | |
| Other | 49 (8.4%) | 30 (8.6%) | 19 (8.2%) | |
| Monthly household income (n, %) | 0.068 | |||
| Less than EUR 1000 | 143 (24.6%) | 76 (21.7%) | 67 (28.9%) | |
| From EUR 1000 to EUR 2000 | 264 (45.3%) | 157 (44.9%) | 107 (46.1%) | |
| From EUR 2000 to EUR 3000 | 120 (20.6%) | 83 (23.7%) | 37 (15.9%) | |
| More than EUR 3000 | 55 (9.4%) | 34 (9.7%) | 21 (9.1%) | |
| Significant alcohol consumption (n, %) | 0.377 | |||
| No significant alcohol consumption | 467 (80.2%) | 285 (81.4%) | 182 (78.4%) | |
| Significant alcohol consumption | 115 (19.7%) | 65 (18.6%) | 50 (21.6%) | |
| Tobacco consumption (n, %) | 87 (14.9%) | 45 (12.9%) | 42 (18.1%) | 0.082 |
| Age (y) | 21 (19–22) | 21 (19–22) | 21 (19–22) | 0.521 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.5 (20.4–24.8) | 22.4 (20.4–25.0) | 22.5 (20.4–24.7) | 0.593 |
| Hours exercise/week (h) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (1.5–6) | 0.139 |
| ISI-Insomnia (/28) | 9 (6–13) | 7 (4–8.25) | 14 (12–16) | < 0.001 |
| PSQI total (/21) | 7 (4–9) | 6 (4–7) | 8 (5–10) | < 0.001 |
| PSQI disturbances (/3) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | < 0.001 |
| PSQI efficiency (/3) | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | < 0.001 |
| PSQI latency (/3) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | < 0.001 |
| DASS-Depression (/7) | 3 (1–7) | 2 (1–4.25) | 5 (2–10) | < 0.001 |
| DASS-Anxiety (/7) | 3 (1–6) | 2 (1–4) | 5 (2–8) | < 0.001 |
| DASS-Stress (/7) | 6 (2–10) | 4 (1–7) | 9 (5–12) | < 0.001 |
| Sleep Hygiene Index (/52) | 17 (13–22) | 15 (11–19.25) | 20 (16–25) | < 0.001 |
| Stanford Sleepiness Scale (/24) | 10 (8–12) | 9 (7–11) | 11 (9–13) | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (percentage) when appropriate. DASS, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. † includes engaged, married, and in a domestic partnership.