Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate analysis for continuous variable predicting academic performance.

	Crude			Model 1 †			Model 2 ‡
	Crude r2	Crude t	p	Adjusted r2	Adjusted t	p	Adjusted r2	Adjusted t	p
PSQI total	<0.10	−2.10	0.046	0.15	−1.18	0.238
PSQI disturbances	<0.10	−2.27	0.024	0.15	−1.58	0.114
PSQI efficiency	<0.10	−3.12	0.002	0.16	−2.26	0.023	0.16	−1.71	0.087
PSQI latency	<0.10	−2.08	0.038	0.15	−1.21	0.228
SHI_total	<0.10	−3.90	< 0.001	0.15	−1.59	0.113
ISI	<0.10	−3.27	0.001	0.16	−2.24	0.026	0.16	−1.09	0.275
DASS_depression	<0.10	−4.02	< 0.001	0.16	−2.26	0.024	0.16	−1.42	0.154
DASS_Anxiety	<0.10	−2.31	0.020	0.15	−0.81	0.416
DASS_Stress	<0.10	−1.98	0.048	0.15	−0.55	0.580

BMI, body mass index; DASS, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SHI, Sleep Hygiene Index. † Adjustment 1: for sex, age, BMI, degrees, exam period, physical activity, tobacco, alcohol. ‡ Adjustment 2: for preceding variables plus significant variable in model 1.