Figure 6.

Innate immunity during SeCoV infection and modulatory mechanisms. Schematic diagram showing the type I interferon-induced innate immunity signaling pathways and known modulatory mechanisms during SeCoV infection. The viral or viral components involved in the modulation of apoptosis are shown in bold red in the figure. Abbreviations: PKR, protein kinase RNA-activated; OAS, 2′5′-oligoadenylate synthetase; ISRE, interferon-stimulated response element; AP-1, activator protein 1; TRIF, TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta; RIP1, receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; IKK, IkappaB-kinase; and IκBα, NF-κB inhibitor alpha.