Table 1.
Information on SeCoVs.
| TGEV, PRCV | PEDV | SADS-CoV | PDCoV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Alphacoronavirus | Deltacoronavirus | ||
| Genome | 5′UTR-ORF1a/1b-S-ORF3a/3b-E-M-N-NS7-3′UTR | 5′UTR-ORF1a/1b-S-ORF3-E-M-N-3′UTR | 5′UTR-ORF1a/1b-S-ORF3-E-M-N-NS7a/7b-3′UTR | 5′UTR-ORF1a/1b-S-E-M-NS6-N-NS7-3′UTR |
| First discovered | 1933 (TGEV) 1984 (PRCV) |
1978 | 2017 | 2009 |
| First reported | U.S.A., 1946 (TGEV) Belgium, 1984 (PRCV) |
U.K., 1971 | Guangdong, China,2017 | U.S.A., 2014 |
| Disease distribution | America, Europe, Asia, Africa | America, Europe, Asia | China | U.S.A., China, Thailand |
| Clinical symptoms | Diarrhoea, dehydration, weight loss, death Dyspnea, tachypnea, sneezing, coughing, fever (PRCV) |
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| Mortality | Approaching 100% in piglets less than 2 weeks old | About 50–90% in suckling piglets | Up to 90% for piglets ≤ 5 days of age and up to 5% for pigs over 8 days old | Up to 40% in neonatal piglets |
| Morbidity | Less than 3% | 80–100% | About 10% | 20–30% |
| Receptor and cofactors | pAPN; TfR1, EGFR | Receptor is unknown; SA, EGFR, Neu5Ac | Unknown | Receptor is unknown; SA |
| Autophagy | Induces mitophagy | Activates p53 and inhibits mTOR pathways | Inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway | Activates p38MAPK pathway |
| Apoptosis | Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways | Intrinsic pathway | ||
| Innate immunity | E and M proteins induce IFN-α; ORF7 inhibits innate immunity; Nsp14 activates NF-κB pathway | Activates JAK2-STAT3 and NF-κB pathways; N and nsp1 inhibit TBK1-IRF3 pathway; Nsp3 inhibits RIG-I-MAVS pathway | Nsp1 inhibits JAK1-STAT1 pathway; N inhibits TBK1-IRF3 pathway | N inhibits RIG-I-MAVS pathway; Nsp5 activates NF-κB pathway |
Abbreviations: pAPN, porcine aminopeptidase N; TfR1, transferrin receptor 1; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; SA, sialic acid; Neu5Ac, N-acetylneuraminic acid; mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT, RAC-alpha serine/threonine protein kinase; p38MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; JAK, Janus kinase; STAT, signal transducers and transcript; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene I; MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling; TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1; and IRF3, IFN regulatory factor 3.