Figure 2.

The layer of unicellular functionalities (i.e., the unicellular layer) inherits from the layer of cell bioenergetic functionalities, i.e., functionalities of the second layer can use, control (including deactivation) and extend inherited functionalities. Selected functionalities presented in this figure of the unicellular layer include (a) unregulated, rapid and aggressive angiogenesis; (b) unregulated cell proliferation; (c) a lack of a Hayflick’s limit; (d) relief from curfew and checkpoints; (e) wound healing that does not stop stem-cell-like behavior; (f) unregulated EMT migration, aggressive invasion and metastasis; (g) aerobic glycolysis; and (h) unregulated and truncated cell-differentiation cascades.