| cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| CBD | common bile duct |
| CF | catalytic fragment |
| DAG | diacylglycerol |
| FFA | free fatty acid |
| Gcg | glucagon |
| GFP | green fluorescent protein |
| IBMX | 3-Isobutyl 1-methylxanthine |
| ITT | insulin tolerance test |
| IPGTT | intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test |
| KATP | adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium |
| KO | knockout |
| KRB | krebs ringer buffer |
| MARCKS | myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate |
| NDS | normal donkey serum |
| PFA | paraformaldehyde |
| Pkc | protein kinase C |
| PMA | phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate |
| siRNA | small interfering ribonucleic acid |
| SNARE | soluble n-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor |
| SSTR | somatostatin receptor |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes |
| VDCC | voltage-dependent calcium channels |
| αPkcδKO | α-cell-specific Pkcδ knockout |
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