. 2022 Apr 5;72(718):e361–e368. doi: 10.3399/BJGP.2021.0552

Table 3.

The 1-year incidence (%, 95% CI) of cancers in participants aged 60–69 years with abdominal pain plus another feature of possible cancer, stratified by sex^a

Additional feature and cancer	Women		Men

	1-year incidence (%)	95% CI	1-year incidence (%)	95% CI
Constipation
Colorectal or pancreatic	2.7^c	1.6 to 4.4^c	4.0^d	2.6 to 6.0^d
Colorectal	1.7^b	0.8 to 3.1^b	1.2^b	0.5 to 2.5^b
Pancreatic	1.0^b	0.4 to 2.2^b	2.8^c	1.6 to 4.5^c

Diarrhoea
Colorectal or pancreatic	1.5^b	0.7 to 2.8^b	3.1^d	1.9 to 4.9^d
Colorectal	1.1^b	0.4 to 2.2^b	2.2^c	1.2 to 3.8^c
Pancreatic	0.5	0.1 to 1.3	0.9	0.3 to 2.0

Change in bowel habit
Colorectal or ovarian	3^c	1 to 6^c	n/a^e	n/a
Colorectal	2^c	1 to 6^c
Ovarian	0.5	0.1 to 2.7	n/a	n/a

Nausea and/or vomiting
Pancreatic or oesophagogastric	1.4^b	0.6 to 2.8^b	4^d	2 to 7^d
Pancreatic	1.2^b	0.5 to 2.5^b	3.1^d	1.5 to 5.6^d
Oesophagogastric	0.2	0.1 to 1.0	0.9	0.2 to 2.7

Abdominal mass
Colorectal, ovarian, oesophagogastric, or liver	10^d	3 to 21^d	9^d	2 to 25^d
Colorectal	6^d	1 to 16^d	3^d	0 to16^d
Oesophagogastric	0	n/a	3^d	0 to 16^d
Ovarian	2^c	0 to 10^c	n/a
Liver	2^c	0 to 10^c	3^d	0 to 16^d

Weight loss
Colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic, or oesophagogastric	5^d	2 to 12^d	9^d	5 to 16^d
Colorectal	2^c	0 to 8^c	2^c	0 to 6^c
Oesophagogastric	0	n/a	2^c	0 to 6^c
Ovarian	0	n/a	n/a	n/a
Pancreatic	3^d	1 to 9^d	6^d	2 to 12^d

For each feature, the total risk and that of contributing cancers is reported. Estimates are reported to the precision afforded by the standard errors, which varies with the cancer–feature combination.

Cancer risk ≥1% and <2%.

Cancer risk ≥2% and <3%.

Cancer risk ≥3%.

There are no data for men for change in bowel habit, as the composite outcome is not meaningful for male sex, who are not diagnosed with ovarian cancer. CI = confidence interval. n/a = not applicable.