. 2022 Apr 5;72(718):e361–e368. doi: 10.3399/BJGP.2021.0552

Table 4.

The 1-year cumulative incidence of cancers in participants aged ≥70 years with abdominal pain plus another feature of possible cancer, stratified by sex^a

Additional feature and cancer	Women		Men

	1-year incidence (%)	95% CI	1-year incidence (%)	95% CI
Constipation
Colorectal or pancreatic	1.9^b	1.3 to 2.7^b	4.9^d	3.7 to 6.4^d
Colorectal	1.3^b	0.8 to 1.9^b	3.8^d	2.7 to 5.0^d
Pancreatic	0.6	0.3 to 1.1	1.2^b	0.6 to 2.0^b

Diarrhoea
Colorectal or pancreatic	2.0^c	1.4 to 2.9 ^c	3.6^d	2.3 to 5.3^d
Colorectal	1.7^b	1.1 to 2.5^b	3.3^d	2.0 to 4.9^d
Pancreatic	0.3	0.1 to 0.8	0.3	0.0 to 1.1

Change in bowel habit
Colorectal or ovarian	5^d	3 to 8^d	n/a	n/a
Colorectal	4^d	2 to 6^d	n/a	n/a
Ovarian	1.5^b	0.5 to 3.5^b	n/a	n/a

Nausea and/or vomiting
Pancreatic or oesophagogastric	1.1^b	0.7 to 1.8^b	3.6^d	2.2 to 5.4^d
Pancreatic	0.5	0.2 to 1.1	2.2^c	1.2 to 3.8^c
Oesophagogastric	0.6	0.3 to 1.1	1.4^b	0.6 to 2.7^b

Abdominal mass
Colorectal, ovarian, oesophagogastric, or liver	20^d	12 to 30^d	9^d	3 to 19^d
Colorectal	12^d	6 to 21^d	5^d	1 to 15^d
Oesophagogastric	0		4^d	0 to 12^d
Ovarian	7^d	3 to 15^d	n/a
Liver	1^b	0 to 6^b	0	–

Weight loss
Colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic or oesophagogastric	5^d	3 to 8^d	9^d	6 to 14^d
Colorectal	1.6^b	0.5 to 3.7^b	4^d	2 to 8^d
Ovarian	0.9	0.2 to 2.7	n/a
Pancreatic	1.3^b	0.3 to 3.2^b	3^d	1 to 6^d
Oesophagogastric	0.9	0.2 to 2.7	3^d	1 to 6^d

For each feature, the total risk and that of individual cancers is reported.

Cancer risk ≥1% and <2%.

Cancer risk ≥ 2% and <3%.

Cancer risk ≥3%. CI = confidence interval. n/a = not applicable.