Table 1.
Examples of multicellular organisms with well-annotated genomes.
| Kingdom | Species | Relevance | Estimated Genome Size (Mbp) | Reference |
| Animalia | Aedes mosquito (Aedes aegypti) | Primary vector for yellow and dengue fevers | 1380 | [37] |
| Cattle (Bos taurus) | Ruminant biology and evolution | 2870 | [38] | |
| Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) | Tetrapod evolution | 2860 | [39] | |
| Common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) | Model organism (human population genetics and evolution) | 2400 | [40] | |
| Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) | Biomedical research application | 2260 | [41] | |
| Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) | Foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research | 2250 | [42] | |
| Honeybee (Apis mellifera) | Model organism (social behaviour and global ecology) | 1800 | [43] | |
| Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) | Vertebrate evolution | 700 | [44] | |
| Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) | Lophotrochozoa evolution | 559 | [45] | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) | Model organism (combination of reptilian and mammalian characters) | 1840 | [46] | |
| Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) | Model organism (beetle and pest) | 160 | [47] | |
| Sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) | Model organism (developmental and system biology) | 814 | [48] | |
| Sponges (Amphimedon queenslandica) | Animal origins and early evolution | 167 | [49] | |
| Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) | Cosmopolitan agricultural pest | 90 | [50] | |
| Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) | Human origins and evolution | 5400 | [51] | |
| Mexican oxolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) | Evolutionary changes in key tissue formation regulators | 32,000 | [52] | |
| Galapagos cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi) | Evolutionary changes in the size and proportion of limbs | 1200 | [53] | |
| Golden orb-weaver (Nephila clavipes) | Diversity of spider silk genes and their complex expression | 2440 | [54] | |
| Plantae | African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) | Oil-bearing crop | 1800 | [55] |
| Amborella (Amborella trichopoda) | Angiosperm evolution | 870 | [56] | |
| Barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) | Model organism (legume) | 246 | [57] | |
| China rose (Rosa chinensis) | Model organism (ornamental plant) | 560 | [58] | |
| Dwarf banana (Musa acuminata) | A genome of modern cultivar | 523 | [59] | |
| Maize (Zea mays) | Major cereal crop | 2300 | [60] | |
| Papaya (Carica papaya) | Tropical fruit crop | 372 | [61] | |
| Peanut (A. duranensis, A. ipaensis, A. hypogaea) | Polyploid genetic mechanisms | 2540 | [62,63] | |
| Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) | Model organism (legume) | 833 | [64] | |
| Potato (Solanum tuberosum) | Major root crop | 844 | [65] | |
| Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) | Future crop | 1500 | [66] | |
| Rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis) | Fibre and timber crop | 640 | [67] | |
| Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) | Major cereal crop | 730 | [68] | |
| Soybean (Glycine max) | Major protein and oil crop | 1115 | [69] | |
| Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) | Major vegetable crop | 900 | [70] | |
| Silver birch (Betula pendula) | Model organism (forest biotechnology) | 440 | [71] | |
| Durian (Durio zibethinus) | Tropical fruit biology and agronomy | 738 | [72] | |
| Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) | Oil metabolism, flowering, and Asterid evolution | 3600 | [73] | |
| Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii) | Genetic resources for wheat | 4300 | [74] | |
| Barley (Hordeum vulgare) | Major cereal crop | 4800 | [75] | |
| Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) | Future crop | 1790 | [76] | |
| Fungi | Black mold (Aspergillus niger) | Model fungal | 34 | [77] |
| Filamentous fungus (Aspergillus nidulans, A. fumigatus, A. oryzae) | Model fungal | 40 | [78] | |
| Fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) | Model yeast | 14 | [79] | |
| Rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) | Model fungal | 40 | [80] | |
| Split gill (Schizophyllum commune) | Model mushroom | 39 | [81] | |
| Yeast (Candida albicans) | Human pathogen | 4 | [82] | |
| Filamentous fungus (Penicillium chrysogenum) | Industrial use | 32 | [83] |