Table 1.

PICOS inclusion and exclusion criteria for study selection.

Domain	Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Population	Studies with human patients of any age, gender and ethnicity who have focal chondral defects of the tibiofemoral joint.	Studies with patients who have diffuse osteoarthritis. Studies conducted on animals or cadavers. Ex vivo, in vitro and in silico studies.
Intervention	Studies that use implants made with autologous chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells. Studies using cell-seeded scaffolds.	Studies that do not use implants, intra-articular injection or cell-free scaffolds.
Comparison	Studies that compare use of implant to cell-free therapies such as microfracture.	None
Outcome	Studies that describe the integration between the novel and native cartilage.	Studies where the outcomes of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral defects cannot be differentiated. Studies that do not have a measuring or scoring system for integration. Studies that do not report integration separately.
Study Type	English with full text available. Sample size greater than 10 patients.	Case report, case series with fewer than 10 patients and review article.