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. 2022 Apr 1;23(7):3918. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073918

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Normalized relative v-ATPaseA mRNA levels in different insect species after feeding on plastid-produced dsRNA, and survival and weight analysis for CPB. (A) mRNA levels for MMB adults, BMSB adults, BMSB 2nd instar larvae, and CPB 1st instar larvae. mRNA levels in WT Micro-tom-fed insects were set to the value “1.0”, and mRNA levels in tpMicro-tom-fed insects were calculated relative to the WT Micro-tom-fed insects. Reference genes used were betaTUB for MMB, 60S RP for BMSB, and RPL8E for CPB. Data are expressed as mean relative quantity ± SEM, n = 3, and two-sample t-tests were used to determine p-values which are indicated on the graph. MMB = Madeira mealybug; BMSB = brown marmorated stink bug; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; “ns” = not significant (p > 0.05) according to t-tests. (B) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for CPB larvae after 7 days of feeding on WT Micro-tom or tpMicro-tom. “ns” = not significant (p > 0.05) according to Log-rank post hoc analysis. (C) Mean weight of CPB larvae after feeding on WT Micro-tom or tpMicro-tom. Data are expressed as mean weight ± SD; n = 50. Two sample t-test was used to determine p-value which is shown on the graph.