AMPK	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
AGEs	Advanced glycation end products
BRB	Blood–retinal barrier
DM	Diabetes mellitus
DR	Diabetic retinopathy
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ET-1	Endothelin-1
EX-4	Exendin-4
HMGB1	High mobility group box 1
HDACs	Histone deacetylases
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-induced factor-1α
HRECs	Human retinal endothelial cells
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
IL	Interleukin
MnSOD	Manganese superoxide dismutase
miRNA	MicroRNA
NAD+	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NPDR	Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-κB
PBMCs	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
PDR	Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
PG	Prostaglandins
PRMT1	Protein arginine methyltransferase 1
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RECs	Retinal endothelial cells
SIRT	Sirtuin
STACs	Sirtuin-activating compounds
STZ	Streptozotocin
SOD	Superoxidedismutase
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
YAP	Yes-associated protein