. 2022 Apr 11;20(4):2629–2664. doi: 10.1007/s10311-022-01439-4

Table 3.

Common functional monomers, target templates, cross-linkers, and initiators used in molecularly imprinted polymers

Essential elements	Typical example
Functional monomers	Covalent: 4-Vinyl benzene boric acid; 4-vinyl aniline; 4-vinyl benzaldehyde; tert-butylp-vinylphenylcarbonate Semi-covalent: 3-Isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane Non-covalent: Acrylic acid; methacrylic acid; trifluoromethyl acrylic acid; itaconic acid; 2-vinylpyridine; p-vinylbenzoic acid; 1-vinylimidazole; allylamine; 4-vinylpyridine; styrene; 4-ethylstyrene; methyl methacrylate; acrylamide; methacrylamide; 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; 2-acrylamido-2-methy-1-propane sulfonic; 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; trans-3-(3-pyridyl)-acrylic acid; methylvinydiethoxysilane; glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; 3-methylacryloxyprolyl trimethoxysilane Ligand exchange: Fe²⁺/methacrylic acid complex; Cu(II)-iminodiacetate-derivatized vinyl monomer
Target templates	Biomacromolecules: Bovine serum albumin; adenosine; lysozyme; 3,5-cyclic monophosphate Organic molecules: Pesticides: Benzimidazole fungicides; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; atrazine. Explosive: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Oestradiol; bisphenol A; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; oestrone. Amino acids and peptides: alanine; tyrosine; N-terminal histidine sequence of dipeptides; tripeptides; cinchona alkaloids; helical peptides. Pharmaceuticals: quinolones; tetracycline; sulphonamides; propranolol; digoxin. Sugars: d-glucose; d-fructose; d-galactose Ions: CH₃Hg(I); Sr(II); Fe(III); Pb(II); Hg(II); As(III); Cu(II); Cd(II); Cr(III); Ni(II); Th(IV); PO₄³⁻; UO₂²⁺; Eu(III) Cells and viruses: Bovine leukemia virus; gut-homing; tobacco mosaic virus; dengue virus
Cross-linkers	Covalent: Dicumyl peroxide; bis-(1-(tert-butylperoxy)-1-methylethyl)-benzene; triallyl isocyanurate Non-covalent: Divinylbenzene; N,N′-methylenediacrylamide; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; 1,3-diisopropenyl benzene; 2,6-bisacryloylamidopyridine; pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; N,N′-1,4-phenylenediacrylamine; 3,5-bis(acryloylamido)benzoic acid; trimethylpropane trimethacrylate; N,O-bisacryloyl-phenylalaninol; tetra-methylene dimethacrylate; 1,4-diacryloyl piperazine; glycidilmethacrylate; N,O-bismethacryloyl ethanolamine
Initiators	4,4′-Azo(4-cyanovaleric acid); potassium persulfate; azobisdimethylvaleronitrile; 2,2-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile); dimethylacetal of benzyl; benzoylperoxide; azobisisobutyronitrile; 2,2-azobis(2-methylbytyronitrile)