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. 2022 Mar 28;15(7):2500. doi: 10.3390/ma15072500

Table 2.

Overview of the species, spinal levels, structures and testing environment of in vitro creep studies (under axial compression). The references are listed in chronological order.

Ref. Number of Samples Species Spinal Level Structure Testing Environment
Porcine Bovine Sheep Canine Murine Monkey Rabbit Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Coccygeal IVD Only VB–disc–VB FSU Room Temp. Body Temp. Air Chamber Saline Bath Saline Soaked Gauze
[64] 12
[65] 54
[66] 5
[67] 21
[33] 40
[68] 16
[69] 5
[70] 16
[71] 10
[72] 7
[73] 12
[74] 43
[75] 16
[76] 16
[37] 60
[77] 24
[78] 218
[79] 11
[80] 126
[34] 45
[81] 10
[82] 36
[83] 48
[84] 60
[85] 30
[86] 57
[32] 32
[87] 5
[35] 48
[88] 42
[89] 1
[90] 32
[91] 26
[92] 6
[93] 24
[94] 15
[95] 15
[96] 24
[97] 12
[98] 18
[99] 3
[100] 21
[46] 44
[8] 60
[60] 25
[101] 30
[102] 8
[103] 24
[104] 54
[105] 12
[106] 36
[107] 48
[108] 24
[109] 18
[110] 6
[111] 9