Table 4.

Summary of needle pressure sensors used in in vitro biomechanical studies.

Manufacturer Name	Model	Species	Segment	Ref.
Gaeltec devices Ltd., Dunvegan, Isle of Skye, Scotland	CTN-4F	Human thoracic and lumbar	T8-T9, L5-S1	[131]
Precision Measurement Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA	Model 060	Human cervical	C3–C7	[132]
Merit System; Merit Medical Systems, Inc. South Jordan, UT	Not given	Porcine thoracolumbar	L4–L5	[133]
Millar Instruments, Houston, TX, USA	Model SPR-524	Human cervical	C3–T1	[134]
Robert A. Denton, Inc.	Model 6376	Human lumbar	L2–S2	[135]
Shimadzu Corporation	Pinhole pressure sensor	Goat lumbar	T12–S1	[136]
Samba Sensors, Gothenburg, Sweden	360 HP	Bovine tail	C1–C3	[104]