Table 4.

Results of Pentacam and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) analysis in subjects with monoclonal gammopathy (MG) and controls in previous studies [41,42,43,54] and in our present study. n.a.: not analysed; MGUS: monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.

Author, Year	Number of Eyes (MG/Controls)	Pentacam; Corneal Stromal Light Scattering	Pentacam; Analysed Annular Zones	IVCM; Stromal Hyperreflective Keratocytes	IVCM; Stromal Matrix Hyperreflectivity	IVCM; Stromal Hyperreflective Spikes
Aragona et al., 2016 [54]	62/40	n.a.	n.a.	decreased (in neoplastic patients, compared to controls and MGUS)	increased	n.a.
Enders et al., 2017 [41]	10/26	increased	0–12 mm	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Busch et al., 2017 [42]	20/10	increased	0–6 mm	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Ichii et al., 2019 [43]	60/64	increased	0–6 mm	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Present study	130/100	increased	0–12 mm	increased	n.a.	Increased