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Cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells (left) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a healthy donor (right) by curcumin, 1A9, and N-(3-nitrophenylpyrazole) curcumin as determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase. Cells were incubated with concentrations from 0.01 to 10 µM and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. DMSO was used as vehicle control. Mean ± SD of three independent measurements.
