Table 3.

Summary of animal model characteristics.

Author	Animal Model	Total No of Defects	Sex	Age	Weight	Defect Size	Time of Sacrifice
Carrel et al., 2016 [46]	Beagle dogs	4	Male	18 months	16 kg	-	8 weeks
Fiorellini et al., 2018 [37]	Canines	32	Male	NR	NR	8 × 5 mm	16, 26 weeks
Kim et al., 2020 [43]	Beagle dogs	48	Male	22–26 weeks	10–12 kg	7 × 3 × 5 mm3	4, 8 weeks
Chang et al., 2021 [41]	Sprague Dawley rats	28	Male	NR	250–300 g	4 mm (diameter)	1, 4 weeks
Chang et al., 2021 [42]	Sprague Dawley rats	60	Male	NR	250–300 g	4 mm (diameter)	1, 4 weeks
Lopez et al., 2018 [38]	NZ white rabbits	8	NR	NR	~3.5 kg	12 mm	8 weeks
Shao et al., 2018 [45]	NZ white rabbits	64	Male	NR	2.8 ± 0.2 kg	10 × 6 × 4 mm3	8, 16 weeks
Lopez et al., 2019 [39]	NZ white rabbits	24	NR	NR	NR	3.5 × 3.5 mm	8 weeks
Lee et al., 2021 [44]	Beagle dogs	10	NR	36 months	NR	-	8 weeks
Shen et al., 2021 [40]	NZ white rabbits	22	NR	1 month	NR	3.5 × 3.5 mm	2, 6, 8 and 18 months

NZ, New Zealand; NR, Not Reported.