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Gastro-intestinal transit rate (a) and defecation status: the weight (c) and number (b) of defecation events in six hours and the time to the first black stool defecation (d) of mice. Blank: distilled water treated; Model: Loperamide treated; ROS-L: low-dose ROS treated; ROS-M: medium-dose ROS treated; ROS-H: high-dose ROS treated. * p < 0.01 than in the blank group; ** p < 0.01 than in the blank group; # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 than in the model group.
