Skip to main content
. 2022 Mar 23;12(7):1049. doi: 10.3390/nano12071049
Symbols Names
Uf Velocity at the free stream
Us Velocity at the surface
Tinf Ambient temperature
Ts Surface temperature
U Velocity field vector
P Pressure
Cphnf Specific heat
S Stress tensor
K Permeability of the porous medium
X1,X2 Cartesian coordinate system
U1,U2 Velocity components
Au Velocity slip
Tu Thermal slip
M Magnetic parameter
Gr Mixed convection parameter
Gr Thermal Grashof number
Ec Eckert number
Da Darcy number
ReX1 Local Reynolds number
Pr Prandtl number
q Heat source/sink parameter
Ha Hartmann number
Rem Magnetic Reynolds number
Sw  Wall shear stress
Qw  Wall heat flux
Greek Symbols
υhnf Kinematic viscosity
Π Induced magnetic field vector
βhnf Thermal expansion coefficient
ρhnf Density of the hybrid nanofluid
ζ Magnetic diffusivity
σhnf Electrical conductivity
μe Magnetic permeability parameter
Π1,Π2 Magnetic induction components
Π0 Magnetic field at infinity upstream
ψ1 Nanoparticle volume fraction of MgO nanoparticles
ψ2 Nanoparticle’s volume fraction of Ni
λ Velocity slip parameter
χ Thermal slip parameter
δ Reciprocal of magnetic Prandtl number
Γ Characteristic length of the elastic surface
Subscripts and Abbreviations
MgO Magnesium oxide
Ni Nickel
hnf Hybrid nanofluid
nf Nanofluid
NPs Nanoparticles