Table 1.

Research findings for specific mushroom species demonstrating beneficial effects and activities for potential pro-health therapeutic application.

Mushroom	Bioactive Compound	Pro-Health Effects	References
A. bisporus (Common white)	Phenolics e.g., Ergothioneine	Antioxidant; increased ORAC activity; increased adiponectin; reduced AGEs; increased glutathione reductase and catalase activities	[63,70,86]
	Polysaccharides	Gut microbiota regulation; intestinal barrier integrity	[25]
	Secondary metabolites	Anti-hyperglycaemic; inhibitory effects on LDL oxidation; reduced HMG-CoA reductase activity; LPS reduction; ACE2 inhibition; cardiometabolic parameters improvement	[30,66,79,80]
Andosan™	Ergosterol	Cytotoxic	[51]
	Commercial extract AbM + H. erinaceus and G. frondosa	Immunomodulatory; anti-inflammatory; anti-tumour	[49]
Tomeka™	Commercial extract A. bisporus + soy	Anti-pathogenic	[3,29]
C. militaris (Cordyceps)	Cordycepin	Antiviral; RNA synthesis inhibition; suppressed EB viral replication; cytotoxic	[14,41]
		Antioxidant; anti-hyperlipidaemic; hepatoprotective	[81]
	SCFAs	Immune regulation and health promoting	[25]
F. velutipes (Enoki)	Polysaccharides/dietary fibre	Reduced cardiometabolic parameters	[83]
	Antioxidant	Mycosterol	[83]
G. frondosa (Maitake)	Polysaccharides	Anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; immunomodulatory	[31,53]
		Increased insulin sensitivity; decreased systolic BP; decreased RAAS; increased NO	[82]
G. lucidum (Reishi)	Polysaccharides	SCFAs production; gut microbiota regulation; anti-obesity; anti-inflammation; reduced metabolic endotoxaemia; decreased FBG and insulin levels	[87,89,90,91]
	Ganodermic compounds—triterpenoids, other phenolics	Antioxidant; atherosclerotic plaque attenuation; anti-tumour; anti-inflammation; antiviral HIV-1 and HIV-1 protease inhibition	[30,42,56,64,84]
	Mycelia fractions	ACE inhibition	[73]
H. erinaceus (Lion’s Mane)	Mycelia polysaccharide fractions	Anti-hyperglycaemic; improved antioxidant enzymatic activities	[69,80]
	Fruiting body solvent fractions	LDL oxidation inhibition; HMG-CoA reductase inhibition
L. edodes (Shiitake)	Polysaccharides; $\beta$-glucans	Antiviral; antioxidant; immunomodulatory; cytotoxic; anti-inflammatory; microbiome regulation	[1,2,6,17,25,44]
	Aqueous extract	Anti-bacterial; anti-fungal	[43]
	Lovastatin	Hypolipidaemic	[76]
P. ostreatus (Oyster)	$\beta$-glucans-pleuran	Immunomodulatory	[36,46,47,48]
	Lectins	Vaccine adjuvant	[20,45]
	Phenolics, peptides	ACE2 inhibition	[30,75]
	Lovastatin	HMG-CoA reductase inhibition	[75,76,77]
	Polysaccharides	Cardiometabolic parameter improvements	[75,78]
T. versicolor (Turkey Tail)	PSP, PSK	Cancer therapy/adjuvants; Immunomodulatory	[57,59,60,61]
		Gut microbiota modulation	[25]
	Glucans, phenolics	Antioxidant	[62]