Table 6.
Effect of lycopene on glycemic control in T2DM (Human studies).
| No. | Study Design | Subjects Characteristics | Intervention | Effects on T2DM | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Randomized placebo-controlled trial | T2DM (n = 57) Mean age 63 ± 8 years |
Tomato juice (500 mL/day) + vitamin E (800 U/day) and vitamin C (500 mg/day) for 4 weeks | No changes in plasma glucose concentration | [4] |
| 2 | Case-control study | T2DM (n = 71) Non-T2DM (n = 23) Age > 50 years |
Dietary Intake | Negative correlation between HbA1c and serum lycopene | [81] |
| 3 | Prospective cohort study | Total, n = 1597 T2DM (n = 132) Age ≥ 25 years |
Dietary Intake | Reduced plasma glucose and fasting insulin concentrations with increased serum lycopene | [102] |
| 4 | Cross-sectional study | T2DM (n = 190) T2DM + DR (n = 272) Control (n = 285) |
Dietary Intake | No significant association between HbA1c and lycopene | [103] |
| 5 | Case-control study | T2DM (n = 40) Control (n = 50) Age 35–55 years |
Ripe tomatoes (cooked) (200 g/day) for 30 days | No significant changes in fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels | [104] |
| 6 | Case-control study | T2DM (n = 87) Control (n = 122) |
Dietary intake | HbA1c and FBG levels decreased significantly with higher lycopene intake | [105] |
DR: diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; T2DM: type II diabetes mellitus.