Table 7.
Human studies on the effect of lycopene on oxidative stress and risk of T2DM.
| No | Subjects Characteristics | Intervention | Effect after Lycopene Supplementation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | T2DM (n = 57) >75 years |
Tomato juice (500 mL/day) + vitamin E (800 U/day) and vitamin C (500 mg/day) for 4 weeks | ↓ LDL oxidation | [4] |
| 2 | T2DM (n = 35) 54 ± 9 years |
Lycopene supplementation (10 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks | ↑ TAC levels; Inhibit MDA-LDL formation |
[5] |
| 3 | T2DM (n = 4304) 40–69 years |
Dietary intake | No association between lycopene and risk of T2DM | [11] |
| 4 | Total (n = 35,784) ≥45 years |
131-item-validated semi-quantitative FFQ | No association between either dietary lycopene or lycopene-containing foods and the risk of T2DM | [13] |
| 5 | T2DM (n = 50) T2DM + Lycopene (n = 50) Control (n = 50) 48 ± 6 years |
Oral administration of lycopene (4 mg once daily for 3 months) | ↑ SOD, GPx, GR and GSH levels in T2DM + lycopene ↓ MDA and XOD in T2DM + lycopene |
[14] |
| 6 | T2DM (n = 603) Control (n = 23,774) 19–74 years |
24-h dietary recall | No association between lycopene intake and reduced risk of T2DM | [79] |
| 7 | T2DM (n = 40) Control (n = 50) 35–55 years |
Supplementation with cooked tomato, 200 g for 30 days | ↑ SOD, GPx, GR, GSH ↓ MDA |
[104] |
| 8 | Total (n = 37,846) 49.1 years |
Validated FFQ | No association between lycopene intake and reduced risk of T2DM | [106] |
FFQ: food frequency questionnaire; LDL: low density lipoprotein; MDA; malondialdehyde; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GSH: glutathione; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; T2DM: type II diabetes mellitus; XOD: xanthine dehydrogenase.