Table 1.

Summary of chemokine inhibition effects in gynecological malignancies in preclinical studies. * aPD-1—anti-programmed death receptor 1 antibody, ** pro-EGCG—prodrug of green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Target	Tumor	Inhibitor	Research Phase	Result	References
CXCR4	endometrial cancer	plerixafor	animal model	tumor growth delay, reduction in metastasis formation	[40]
			cell lines	inhibition of cell migration	[15]
	cervical cancer	plerixafor	animal model	tumor growth delay, reduction in metastasis formation	[122]
	ovarian cancer	plerixafor	animal model	overall survival improvement, tumor growth delay, reduction in metastasis formation	[129,130,131]
			cell lines	tumor growth delay	[126]
		AMD-NP-PTX	cell lines, animal model	tumor growth delay, reduction in metastasis formation	[132]
		aPD-1 *	animal model	overall survival improvement, tumor growth delay	[131]
CXCL12	endometrial cancer	kisspeptin-10	cell lines	inhibition of cell migration	[127]
		pro-EGCG **	animal model	angiogenesis inhibition	[128]
CXCL1, CXCL2	ovarian cancer	progesterone, calcitriol	cell lines	reduction in metastasis formation	[133]