Table 2.
Cytotoxicity and cell entry of GNP-ligands.
| Ligand | * WST-1 | ICP-MS | ApoPercentage | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IC 30 (pM) | Cell % | Normalized IC30 (pM) | Fold Change in Cytotoxicity/Relative Cytotoxicity | PBS % | Media % | Apoptotic Time-Point | |
| BSA | 430 ± 2.96 | 2 | 9 | 47.8 ± 2.96 | 2 | 96 | Stepwise |
| Citrate | 860 ± 4.78 | 17 | 146 | 5.9 ± 4.78 | 3 | 80 | Stepwise |
| GSH | 220 ± 4.07 | 92 | 202 | 1.1 ± 4.07 | 2 | 6 | 3 h |
| MUA | 220 ± 4.18 | 10 | 22 | 10.0 ± 4.18 | 2 | 88 | 6 h |
| PEG | 430 ± 4.76 | 22 | 95 | 4.5 ± 4.76 | 7 | 71 | 3 h |
| PSSNA | 430 ± 4.33 | 23 | 99 | 4.3 ± 4.33 | 0 | 77 | 3 h |
| PVP | 430 ± 3.46 | 32 | 138 | 3.1 ± 3.46 | 2 | 66 | 3 h |
* The WST−1 column is the concentration at which the IC 30 was determined. The ICP-MS column shows where most of the GNP-ligands were situated. The normalized IC 30 is calculated based on cell internalization and WST-1 concentration. The ApoPercentage column is where the apoptotic induction time-point occurred.